Rockefeller S. L. Young, PhD; Ronald A. Krefman, DO; Gerald A. Fishman, MD
Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100(2):268-271.
From the University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago. Dr Young is now with Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock.

Methods Separate focus groups were conducted between December 17, 2007, and August 5, 2008, for the following 3 groups at each of 3 schools in rural China: children aged 14 to 18 years with myopia of less than –0.5 diopters in both eyes, those children’s parents, and those children’s teachers. Participants were also asked to rank their responses to questions about glasses use. The focus group transcripts were coded independently by 2 investigators using qualitative data management software.

Results Respondents of all 3 types indicated that glasses purchase and wear should be delayed in children with early myopia and might be harmful to the eyes. Parents and students reported being uncertain about children’s actual myopia status and whether glasses should be worn. Parents ranked their most common reason for not buying glasses as being “too busy with work,” whereas “too expensive” ranked low. Inconvenience was ranked as an important reason for not wearing glasses among all 3 student groups. “Accuracy of lens power” was the first-ranked requirement for glasses among all student groups, whereas “new and attractive styles” was ranked last by all. All 3 types of respondents believed that wearing glasses or failing to wear them might worsen myopia.

Conclusions Educational programs are needed to address significant knowledge gaps in families and schools about glasses use in rural China. Cost and the need for attractive styles may not be significant barriers to use in this setting, raising the possibility of paying for such programs through cost recovery.

Liping Li, PhD; Jasmine Lam, MS; Yaogui Lu, MS; Yanru Ye, MS; Dennis S. C. Lam, MBBS, MD, FRCOphth; Yang Gao, PhD; Abhishek Sharma, MBBS, PhD; Mingzhi Zhang, MD; Sian Griffiths, MD; Nathan Congdon, MD, MPH

Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128(6):759-765.

Author Affiliations: Faculty of Medicine, Shantou University (Dr Li and Mss Lu and Ye), and Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Drs Zhang and Congdon), Shantou, School of Public Health (Ms J. Lam and Drs Gao, Griffiths, and Congdon) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (Drs D. S. C. Lam and Congdon), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou (Dr Congdon), People’s Republic of China; and Department of Public Health, Oxford University, Oxford, England (Dr Sharma).

Six hours later, the patient noted that vision in the operated eye remained clear but that the brightness had declined by several log units and everything was a deep, dark yellow, as if looking through a very dark yellow filter. He nonetheless sat through 2 hours of The History Boys.

After 3 hours and in a mild panic over this unexplained development, the patient called the surgeon on his cellular telephone. “It can’t be blood because the incision was through clear cornea. No one’s ever complained of this before. Since you don’t have

Alfred Sommer, MD, MHS; Walter J. Stark, MD

To overcome the unknown factor of a child’s compliance, avoid the blemish of a mechanical patch, and enhance the child’s willingness to undergo the antiamblyopic regimen, electronically controlled liquid crystal glasses have been developed. Application of a small electric charge changes the spatial orientation of the suspended crystal molecules within the glasses. Thus, alternation between transmission of light (transparent) or opacification can be achieved at will. A liquid crystal lens in front of the sound eye is used as an intermittent flickering shutter switched between “on,” or occlusion (Figure 1), and “off,” or light transmission

Omry BenEzra, MD; Rafi Herzog, BSc; Evelyne Cohen, CO; Ilana Karshai, COpt; David BenEzra, MD, PhD

Key words:optical band gap; optical nonlinearity; bismuth oxide

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No. 60677015）, the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province （No. 20061664） and the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo （No. 2006A610020）

NIE Qiuhua： Prof.; E-mail： nieqiuhua@nbu.edu.cn Corresponding author： CHEN Yanfei： E-mail： yanfei_chen@163.com

Omry BenEzra, MD; Rafi Herzog, BSc; Evelyne Cohen, CO; Ilana Karshai, COpt; David BenEzra, MD, PhD

Methods Separate focus groups were conducted between December 17, 2007, and August 5, 2008, for the following 3 groups at each of 3 schools in rural China: children aged 14 to 18 years with myopia of less than –0.5 diopters in both eyes, those children’s parents, and those children’s teachers. Participants were also asked to rank their responses to questions about glasses use. The focus group transcripts were coded independently by 2 investigators using qualitative data management software.

Results Respondents of all 3 types indicated that glasses purchase and wear should be delayed in children with early myopia and might be harmful to the eyes. Parents and students reported being uncertain about children’s actual myopia status and whether glasses should be worn. Parents ranked their most common reason for not buying glasses as being “too busy with work,” whereas “too expensive” ranked low. Inconvenience was ranked as an important reason for not wearing glasses among all 3 student groups. “Accuracy of lens power” was the first-ranked requirement for glasses among all student groups, whereas “new and attractive styles” was ranked last by all. All 3 types of respondents believed that wearing glasses or failing to wear them might worsen myopia.

Conclusions Educational programs are needed to address significant knowledge gaps in families and schools about glasses use in rural China. Cost and the need for attractive styles may not be significant barriers to use in this setting, raising the possibility of paying for such programs through cost recovery.

Liping Li, PhD; Jasmine Lam, MS; Yaogui Lu, MS; Yanru Ye, MS; Dennis S. C. Lam, MBBS, MD, FRCOphth; Yang Gao, PhD; Abhishek Sharma, MBBS, PhD; Mingzhi Zhang, MD; Sian Griffiths, MD; Nathan Congdon, MD, MPH

Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128(6):759-765.

The text’s 22 chapters thoroughly cover the necessary subjects that allow ophthalmologists and optometrists to excel in refractions and in prescribing lenses. Throughout this book, case examples and discussions illustrate and emphasize important points. As in previous editions, the style of writing makes concepts easy to understand. The chapter lengths allow for a comfortable review of specific topics, without the necessity of reading earlier chapters to understand any one section. The result is a book of great value for the office or clinic. Everyone who prescribes glasses or contacts or performs refractive surgery should read this text.

by Benjamin Milder, MD; Melvin L. Rubin, MD, MS; 494 pp, with illus, $88, ISBN 0-937404-66-7, Gainesville, Fla, Triad Publishing Company, 2004.

Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:712.

Leonie G. Soltay and Grant S. Henderson

Department of Geology, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada

E-mail address: granth@geology.utoronto.ca

Keywords: glasses, structure, lithium, alkalis, germanates, melts, Q species, silicates.

1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: broadbelt@northwestern.edu; j-torkelson@northwestern.edu
Rodney D. Priestley,1 Christopher J. Ellison,1 Linda J. Broadbelt,1* John M. Torkelson1,2*